Professional Schools. Four of UCLA’s professional programs offer their own specialized application processes. Follow the links below to learn more about …The UCLA Animation Workshop has been educating innovative and accomplished artists for 75 years, as the popularity and commercial impact of the medium has exploded. The Workshop is committed to excellence in defining, expanding, creating, and teaching animation. The Workshop has a “no house” style–in the spirit of “one person, one film ...The application fee for the education program at University of California--Los Angeles is $135. Its tuition is full-time: $11,700 per year (in-state) and full-time: $26,802 per year (out-of-state). Requirements for admission to California State University, Los Angeles are set in accordance with Title 5, Chapter 1, Subchapter 3, of the California Code of Regulations. Complete information is available at on the California State University website. All CSU applications must be submitted online on the Cal State Apply website. An ... Aug 7, 2019 · 29 - 32. ACT English Language Arts. 30 - 35. SAT Evidence Based Reading & Writing. 670 - 760. SAT Mathematics. 690 - 790. SAT Essay. 16 - 19. Undergraduate Admission Desktop Header Navigation. ... Box 951436 Los Angeles, CA 90095-1436 ... ©2024 Regents of the University of California Emergency; UCLA Graduate Education. Diversity, Inclusion and Admissions (DIA) 410 Charles E Young Dr E, Murphy Hall: Suite 1247 — Box 951419. Los Angeles, CA 90095-1419. Contact the graduate admissions team, arrange a campus visit or campus tour, or learn when we’re visiting your home state. (310) 206-3411. [email protected]. The application deadline at California State University--Los Angeles is Dec. 16. Admissions officials at California State University--Los Angeles consider a student's GPA a very important academic ...Nov 23, 2022 · Start now. With more than 700 degrees offered across 10 campuses, graduate studies at the University of California can help you turn aspirations into reality. At UC you’ll join a diverse community of people from around the world, representing many socioeconomic, cultural, racial and ethnic backgrounds. Together, you’ll make our world …Sep 27, 2020 · The audit is based on a review of the university's campuses at Berkeley, Los Angeles, San Diego and Santa Barbara from 2013-14 through 2018-19. ... A Los Angeles Times editorial headlined "The University of California Admissions Disgrace" said of those who got into Berkeley, "They simply had some form of extraordinary privilege. Some …Mar 23, 2024 · University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) offers opportunities for inquiry, discovery, and education – and yet is a close community that provides a sense of belonging. The campus is home to world-renowned faculty who teach in 230 undergraduate and graduate majors, with more than two dozen academic programmes ranked among the …The full-time program application fee at the School of Law at University of California--Los Angeles is $75. Its tuition is full-time: $53,910 (in-state) and full-time: $64,417 (out-of-state).School location: Los Angeles, CA. This school is also known as: UCLA, UC Los Angeles, University of California, Los Angeles. Admissions Rate: 8.6%. If you want to get in, the first thing to look at is the acceptance rate. This tells you how competitive the school is and how serious their requirements are. The acceptance rate at UCLA is 8.6% ...Sep 28, 2023 · You can demonstrate English proficiency by completing the two UC-transferable English composition courses required for transfer admission and receiving at least a “C” or “B” grade/mark, depending on the campuses you’re applying to. If you do so, you are not required to submit IELTS/DET/TOEFL exam scores. You are considered …General Questions Test Scores . Admission: General Questions What are the requirements for admission to graduate programs at UCLA? The University requires that an applicant hold a bachelor’s degree from a regionally accredited institution, comparable in standard and content to a bachelor’s degree from the University of California, with an overall scholastic …Sep 28, 2023 · You can demonstrate proficiency by meeting any of the following exam benchmarks. Keep in mind that you must complete one of these exams by December of your final year of high school/secondary school. Score 24 or higher on the ACT English Language Arts (ELA) Score 31 or higher on Writing and Language in the SAT. UCLA does not admit students into any undergraduate program who already hold Bachelor’s degrees, nor do we admit students who have the equivalent of three years (130 quarter-units or more) of transferable university work. You may not disregard your college record and apply as a freshman. Transfer applicants need to be at the junior level ... 2 days ago · 405 Hilgard Avenue 2115 Murphy Hall Los Angeles, CA 90095 Phone: (310) 825-3764 Fax: (310) 206-5465Admission. International Admission. International Applicants. A diverse campus community, located in the vibrant, global city of Los Angeles, makes UCLA an …Admission to the program is based on a thorough review of your academic record. Ordinarily, if you hold the BA, you are expected to meet these minimum requirements: an undergraduate major or program that prepares you for the advanced study of literature, and a grade-point average in English courses in the junior and senior years of at least 3.5.20 hours ago · Grading options will be accepted (letter grades or pass/fail assessments) based on personal needs during the years 2020 and 2021. 3) MCAT scores from January 2018 through September 15, 2023, will be accepted for consideration. The wide-ranging effects of the pandemic have engendered remarkable resilience in our applicants.Mar 21, 2024 · Established in 1919, the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) is a public land-grant research university located in Los Angeles, California. UCLA is one of the best study abroad universities for international students as UCLA ranking has been consistent among the top 20 global universities for a decade now. Apart from the …Your IELTS Academic overall band score should be at least 7.0. 7.0 is the minimum required. Your TOEFL score on the paper and pencil test must be at least 560 or at least 87 on the internet-based test. These scores represent the minimum required for applicants to graduate programs at UCLA. Some of our majors may require higher scores as noted ...To be competitive in the UCLA admission process, applicants should present an academic profile much stronger than any minimum UC admission requirements. …Aug 23, 2023 · UC has slightly different admission requirements for applicants who are international students. If you're applying as a freshman, you must: 1. Complete 15 year-long academic courses with a 3.4 GPA: 2 years of history (in place of U.S. History, history of your country) 4 years of composition and literature in language in which you are instructed.Admission. International Admission. International Applicants. A diverse campus community, located in the vibrant, global city of Los Angeles, makes UCLA an …The University of California, Los Angeles acceptance rate is only 9%, making it very competitive to get in. The University of California offers many academic programs, with over 130 undergraduate majors and 100 graduate programs. The university is particularly well-known for its programs in engineering, medicine, law, business, and the arts.3 days ago · Gary Clark. Gary has served in the college admission profession for 26 years and currently serves as the Associate Vice Chancellor of Enrollment Management at UCLA. He is focused on creating opportunities and access for students. The Enrollment Management division includes the Office of Undergraduate Admission, Financial Aid and …Admission is highly competitive and only a limited number of students will be admitted. All students will be required to enroll in the full two-year major sequence regardless of the number of years already spent in undergraduate studies prior to your admission as an Architectural Studies major at UCLA. Applicants must have a minimum 3.0 GPA.Sep 17, 2020 · Location: Los Angeles, California; Campus Features: UCLA's attractive 419-acre campus in Los Angeles' Westwood Village occupies prime real estate just 8 miles from the Pacific Ocean. Student/Faculty Ratio: 18:1; Athletics: The UCLA Bruins compete in the NCAA Division I Pacific-12 Conference (Pac-12). Oct 5, 2023 · Admissions. Admissions Home; Request Information; Requirements; Admissions Events; ... Los Angeles, CA 90095-1481. Follow UCLA Anderson on Facebook; ... University of California GEM-BPP Research Workshop; Contact; Management And Organizations. Management And Organizations Home; Faculty;Quickly browse graduate programs at the University of California Los Angeles. Meet UCLA faculty, learn graduate school admissions requirements, acceptance … Graduate & Professional Tuition. Tuition and fees for most doctoral and master's programs are about $16,847 per year for California residents, and about $31,949 annually for non-California residents. Tuition and fees vary from these amounts for professional degrees and self-supporting degrees. For a specific program fee breakdown, please visit ... Our freshman admission requirements. Admission as a freshman takes into account a number of factors, including specific courses you completed in high school and your grades in those courses. Freshman admission requirements; More information for: California residents; Out-of-state students Civil Engineering Graduate Program at UCLA Attn: Admission 420 Westwood Plaza 5732 Boelter Hall Box 951593 Los Angeles, CA 90095-1593. FACULTY. ... Admission Requirements; Program Statistics; PHONE (310) 825-1851. EMAIL. [email protected]. MAJOR CODE: CIVIL ENGINEERING. 0300.Fullerton, CA • 59% accept rate. Harvard University. Cambridge, MA • 4% accept rate. Johns Hopkins University | JHU. Baltimore, MD • 8% accept rate. Loyola Marymount University | LMU. Los Angeles, CA • 46% accept rate. University of California, Berkeley | UC Berkeley. Berkeley, CA • 14% accept rate.Jul 27, 2021 · The admission rates for California freshman applicants fell to a systemwide average of 65.7%, compared with 70.5% last year and, over a longer horizon, 83.5% in 1995.Sep 17, 2020 · Location: Los Angeles, California; Campus Features: UCLA's attractive 419-acre campus in Los Angeles' Westwood Village occupies prime real estate just 8 miles from the Pacific Ocean. Student/Faculty Ratio: 18:1; Athletics: The UCLA Bruins compete in the NCAA Division I Pacific-12 Conference (Pac-12). Sep 28, 2023 · You can demonstrate English proficiency by completing the two UC-transferable English composition courses required for transfer admission and receiving at least a “C” or “B” grade/mark, depending on the campuses you’re applying to. If you do so, you are not required to submit IELTS/DET/TOEFL exam scores. You are considered …3 days ago · Gary Clark. Gary has served in the college admission profession for 26 years and currently serves as the Associate Vice Chancellor of Enrollment Management at UCLA. He is focused on creating opportunities and access for students. The Enrollment Management division includes the Office of Undergraduate Admission, Financial Aid and …Mar 8, 2024 · Computer science is a branch of engineering that encompasses the design, modeling, analysis, and applications of computer systems. Its study at UCLA provides education at the undergraduate and graduate levels necessary to understand, design, implement, and use the software and hardware of digital computers and digital systems. Freshman Applications. Types of GPAs. All GPAs are calculated from courses completed in grades 10 and 11. The fully weighted GPA includes an extra grade …Each school had 12% or more of their applicants admitted in 2023, which is comparable to top rates among San Francisco private schools. For …Aug 25, 2023 · Freshman admit data. Freshman admission profiles summarize the academic qualifications of applicants and admitted freshmen to each UC campus for fall 2023. Please be cautious in drawing conclusions from this information. The numbers are useful only as a general guide to selectivity and not as a predictor of your chances for …Campus tours are led by UCLA students and will highlight academic programs, resources and student life. Tours on Mondays, Wednesdays (10:15 AM) and Fridays last approximately 2 hours which includes a 30-minute presentation at the start of the tour. Tours on Tuesdays, Wednesdays (2:45 PM), Thursdays and Saturdays last …Aug 17, 2020 · University of Southern California is a private institution that was founded in 1880. It has a total undergraduate enrollment of 20,699 (fall 2022), its setting is urban, and the campus size is 226 ... UCLA Admissions Deadline. Date. Task. August 1. Application opens for freshmen and transfer applicants for fall. October 1 – November 30. Fall admission application filing period for freshmen and transfer applicants. March 2. Deadline for financial aid application, GPA Verification. Jun 8, 2023 · UCLA Undergraduate Admission 1147 Murphy Hall Los Angeles, CA 90095-1436 www.admission.ucla.edu. [email protected] (310) 825-3101. Y CONNECTED. e , s, student life and much : d. A ... candidate for admissions to the University of California? HOW WE REVIEW OUR APPLICANTS. All applications are …Oct 5, 2023 · Make the Leap to Launch Your Ideal Career In Just Two Short Years. UCLA Anderson prepares the brightest aspiring MBAs to become leaders in the business world — which is why recruiters from some of the country’s top companies, including BCG, Google and Goldman Sachs, work with us year after year. Here, you’ll gain an advanced tool kit …ADDRESS. Bioengineering Graduate Program at UCLA. 5121 Engineering V. Box 951600. Los Angeles, CA 90095-1600.2 days ago · University of California, Los Angeles. 56-125B Engineering IV Building 420 Westwood Plaza (Box 951594) Los Angeles, CA 90095-1594 USA. Phone: (310) 825-2647 [email protected]. ... For questions regarding undergraduate curriculum, courses, pre-requisites, degree requirements, fees etc., current and prospective students should …Admission is highly competitive and only a limited number of students will be admitted. All students will be required to enroll in the full two-year major sequence regardless of the number of years already spent in undergraduate studies prior to your admission as an Architectural Studies major at UCLA. Applicants must have a minimum 3.0 GPA.Jul 14, 2023 · Welcome to your one-stop shop for admissions and financial aid. Here you’ll find resources you need to apply, important deadlines and financial aid information. Choose Cal State LA, the premier public comprehensive university in the heart of Los Angeles. Explore a broad array of majors, minors ... You'll find yourself in one of the most diverse cities in the world. Our community is made up of amazing, strong, and talented leaders who care deeply and work to impact our world for good. Now celebrating 70 years of trailblazing, UCLA's David Geffen School of Medicine is one of the premier research and educational institutions in the world. 6 days ago · 3250 Public Affairs Building, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1656 (310) 825-7667. [email protected]. Website1 day ago · Find your UCLA admission representative, ... If you attend a four-year college or university in California or out of state, ... 1147 Murphy Hall, Box 951436 Los Angeles, CA 90095-1436 Footer Menu. Column One. Maps & Parking; Campus Tours; Admission Events; Virtual Tour; Column Two ...Feb 15, 2024 · Actual tuition and fees are subject to change by the University of California as determined to be necessary or appropriate. Final approved tuition and fee levels may differ from the amounts presented. The University of California of Regents approved a multiyear Tuition Stability Plan on July 22, 2021. The plan helps students and families budget ... The mailing address for transcripts is: UCLA Department of Philosophy ATTN: Graduate Advisor 321 Dodd Hall 405 Hilgard Ave. Los Angeles, CA 90095. If your institution supports electronic transmission of transcripts, these should be sent directly to [email protected].. Offers of admission to international students cannot …Aug 9, 2023 · UC San Diego led the way, admitting 11,200 California transfer applicants, an 11% increase over last year. Latinos were the largest group of admitted California first-year students at 38% ...Applying to University of California—Los Angeles - UCLA Anderson School of Management? Get up-to-date MBA admissions requirements, costs, notable alumni, student reviews and more from The Princeton Review. ... Assistant Dean and Director of MBA Admissions Address 110 Westwood Plaza Suite G406 Los Angeles, CA 90095-1481 …ADDRESS. Mechanical Engineering Graduate Program at UCLA. 48-121 Engineering IV. Box 951597. Los Angeles, CA 90095-1597.Aug 23, 2023 · Welcome to the world of UC. Nine incredible campuses. 150 academic disciplines. More top-10 departments than any other university in the U.S.—public or private. It’s easy to see why international students pick UC. Our undergrads come from more than 100 countries across the world. If you’re ready to join them, we’re ready to help.UCLA Admissions Deadline. Date. Task. August 1. Application opens for freshmen and transfer applicants for fall. October 1 – November 30. Fall …Sep 17, 2020 · Location: Los Angeles, California Campus Features: UCLA's attractive 419-acre campus in Los Angeles' Westwood Village occupies prime real estate just 8 miles from the Pacific Ocean. Student/Faculty Ratio: 18:1 Athletics: The UCLA Bruins compete in the NCAA Division I Pacific-12 Conference (Pac-12). Highlights: With over 125 …Aug 17, 2020 · University of Southern California is a private institution that was founded in 1880. It has a total undergraduate enrollment of 20,699 (fall 2022), its setting is urban, and the campus size is 226 ...Mar 16, 2024 · grade B+. View Full Report Card. UCLA is a highly rated public university located in Los Angeles, California. It is a large institution with an enrollment of 31,485 undergraduate students. Admissions is extremely competitive as the UCLA acceptance rate is 11%. Popular majors include Economics, Sociology, and Political Science and …Aug 25, 2023 · Freshman admit data. Freshman admission profiles summarize the academic qualifications of applicants and admitted freshmen to each UC campus for fall 2023. Please be cautious in drawing conclusions from this information. The numbers are useful only as a general guide to selectivity and not as a predictor of your chances for … UCLA does not currently accept MyBest TOEFL scores. Your IELTS Academic overall band score should be at least 7.0. 7.0 is the minimum required. Your TOEFL score on the paper and pencil test must be at least 560 or at least 87 on the internet-based test. These scores represent the minimum required for applicants to graduate programs at UCLA. A diverse campus community, located in the vibrant, global city of Los Angeles, makes UCLA an ideal destination for international students. In fact, more than 12,000 international students call UCLA home. With accomplished faculty and extensive resources, we offer world-class academic opportunities.Graduate Education at UCLA. As one of the nation’s leading public universities, the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) is dedicated to creating an academic environment that celebrates the rich diversity of our campus and the communities we serve. Committed to teaching, research, and public service, our faculty are among the highest … UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BLUE AND GOLD OPPORTUNITY PLAN For California families with incomes below $80,000, this special program will cover tuition and student services fees. UCLA SCHOLARSHIPS. Various merit-based scholarships are available on a competitive basis for California residents, nonresidents and transfer students. WE’RE HERE TO HELP 20 hours ago · Grading options will be accepted (letter grades or pass/fail assessments) based on personal needs during the years 2020 and 2021. 3) MCAT scores from January 2018 through September 15, 2023, will be accepted for consideration. The wide-ranging effects of the pandemic have engendered remarkable resilience in our applicants.Steps To Apply to a UCLA Graduate Program. Applying to UCLA for graduate school is a multi-step process. 1. EXPLORE OUR 136 DEGREE PROGRAMS. Start by exploring programs to determine which are a good fit for your goals: This is a big step in your career. You’ll find every UCLA program competes well across grad school rankings, quality of our ...Graduate Education at UCLA. As one of the nation’s leading public universities, the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) is dedicated to creating an academic environment that celebrates the rich diversity of our campus and the communities we serve. Committed to teaching, research, and public service, our faculty are among the highest …Aug 23, 2023 · Welcome to the world of UC. Nine incredible campuses. 150 academic disciplines. More top-10 departments than any other university in the U.S.—public or private. It’s easy to see why international students pick UC. Our undergrads come from more than 100 countries across the world. If you’re ready to join them, we’re ready to help.Feb 15, 2024 · Actual tuition and fees are subject to change by the University of California as determined to be necessary or appropriate. Final approved tuition and fee levels may differ from the amounts presented. The University of California of Regents approved a multiyear Tuition Stability Plan on July 22, 2021. The plan helps students and families budget ... We also cherish the diversity of our community, an inclusive environment that welcomes and values people from all walks of life and prepares students to be successful in today’s global society. The following statistics and facts illustrate the range and depth of the University of California, Los Angeles. 32,423. UCLA Graduate Education. Diversity, Inclusion and Admissions (DIA) 410 Charles E Young Dr E, Murphy Hall: Suite 1247 — Box 951419. Los Angeles, CA 90095-1419. Contact the graduate admissions team, arrange a campus visit or campus tour, or learn when we’re visiting your home state. (310) 206-3411. [email protected]. Aug 23, 2023 · Admission by exception. Sometimes even the most creative, focused and intellectually passionate students aren't able to fulfill our admission requirements. Even these students have a chance to attend UC. Some students are home-schooled and don't have transcripts. Others have life circumstances that have prevented them living up to …Your IELTS Academic overall band score should be at least 7.0. 7.0 is the minimum required. Your TOEFL score on the paper and pencil test must be at least 560 or at least 87 on the internet-based test. These scores represent the minimum required for applicants to graduate programs at UCLA. Some of our majors may require higher scores as noted ...1 day ago · The following are tips to help applicants find appropriate topics, styles and tones for their answers to the personal insight questions. Please also see the University of California’s instructions for freshmen and for transfers.. As we read your application, including your answers to the personal insight questions, we’re looking for evidence of … 1. Application opens for fall 2024 applicants. October November. 1 -. 30. Fall 2024 admission application filing period for all applicants. December. 31. Filing period opens for Free Application for Federal Student Aid, California Dream Act Application and GPA Verification Form (required for Cal Grant consideration). University of California - Los Angeles admissions data for the most recent entering class. The JD program has a total enrollment of 1,033 students. With an acceptance rate of 16.8%, they welcomed 315 new 1Ls in 2023 with a median LSAT of 170, and median GPA of 3.92. UCLA is the No. 1 public university in the country, offering a diverse and dynamic academic culture for students from all backgrounds. Learn how to apply, discover your strengths, pursue your passions and join a diverse family of doers at UCLA. ADDRESS. Statistics Graduate Program at UCLA. 8125 Math Sciences. Box 951554. Los Angeles, CA 90095-1554.5 days ago · The application fee is $80 for each UC campus ($95 for international and non-immigrant applicants). You can make your payment either by credit card or by mail, just be sure follow the instructions in the application. Once your application has been submitted, you are expected to pay for all your campus choices, even if you cancel your ... ADDRESS. Electrical & Computer Engineering Graduate Program at UCLA. 420 Westwood Plaza. 57-127 Engineering IV, attn: Office of Graduate Student Affairs. Box 951594. Los Angeles, CA 90095-1594. A Data Science Degree from the Nation’s Top Online Engineering Program. At UCLA Samueli, we understand the impact that an in-depth data science master’s degree can have on your professional journey, which is why our team of faculty and industrial advisory board members developed a program that helps working professionals achieve their career …
4 days ago · Undergraduate Admission Desktop Header Navigation. Applicant Login; Request Information; Main navigation. Apply. ... Use the University of California Net Price Calculator to estimate your costs and financial aid. Keep in mind that the more accurate the information you supply, the more accurate the estimate will be. ... Box 951436 Los …. Cateri
Oct 5, 2023 · Official TOEFL score reports are sent electronically upon your request from ETS to UCLA Anderson MBA Admissions (with the School Code 4837-02). Official scores are required for admission but not for applying. IELTS are sent electronically upon your request (with school code "Uni of California, Los Angeles-Anderson School of …The University of California, Los Angeles has an acceptance rate of just 9%, making it very competitive to get in. UCLA is committed to social justice …Feb 21, 2024 · 2022 Acceptance Rate for University of California, Los Angeles. It is very difficult to get into UCLA. In 2022, UCLA accepted 11% of applicants. In 2022, 136,162 students applied to UCLA and 14,663 were admitted. University of California, Los Angeles Admissions Facts At-A-Glance. Overall Acceptance Rate. 11%. Early Decision …UCLA Admissions Deadline. Date. Task. August 1. Application opens for freshmen and transfer applicants for fall. October 1 – November 30. Fall …The University of California Los Angeles admissions requirements for international students is a GPA of 3.4 (~89%) for undergraduate courses. However, Indian students are suggested to have an average GPA of 3.9 on 4.0 scale (~93-100%) to …Chemistry Graduate Program at UCLA 4009 Young Hall Box 951569 Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569. ... Admission Requirements; Program Statistics; PHONE (310) 825-3150 Fax: (310) 267-0204. EMAIL. [email protected]. MAJOR CODE: CHEMISTRY. 0153. Interested in learning more about applying at UCLA Graduate School?20 hours ago · Grading options will be accepted (letter grades or pass/fail assessments) based on personal needs during the years 2020 and 2021. 3) MCAT scores from January 2018 through September 15, 2023, will be accepted for consideration. The wide-ranging effects of the pandemic have engendered remarkable resilience in our applicants.Option 1. Describe an example of your leadership experience in which you have positively influenced others, helped resolve disputes or contributed to group efforts over time. Option 2. Every person has a creative side, and it can be expressed in many ways: problem solving, original and innovative thinking, and artistically, to name a few.1 day ago · What It Means to Be Part of a Public University. A student body that reflects the diverse world in which we live. Classmates who have earned the right to be there through hard work, focus and commitment. And a mindset that drives us to inspire and impact our community in meaningful, lasting ways. UCLA's Commitment to Service.Apr 13, 2023 · The applicants have to fill in the application form and submit it on the official website of the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) in the given timeframe for admissions. 2. Which score can be considered as good SAT score? The average SAT is near 1000, whereas if the candidate scores above 1200 it is a good score. The maximum …Jul 27, 2021 · The admission rates for California freshman applicants fell to a systemwide average of 65.7%, compared with 70.5% last year and, over a longer horizon, 83.5% in 1995.2 days ago · Average SAT Score 1415. The average composite SAT score for admitted University of California Los Angeles freshman is 1415 out of 1600. UCLA students have the 82nd highest average SAT score in the United States. For perspective, a 1415 is in the 96th percentile of all SAT test takers.Sep 27, 2020 · The audit is based on a review of the university's campuses at Berkeley, Los Angeles, San Diego and Santa Barbara from 2013-14 through 2018-19. ... A Los Angeles Times editorial headlined "The University of California Admissions Disgrace" said of those who got into Berkeley, "They simply had some form of extraordinary privilege. Some ….